ABSTRACT
Introduction: Leptospirosis is a common Zoonosis, which is more prevalent in tropical and temperate regions. Rodents, wild and domestic animals are reservoir of Leptospirosis. Usually the infected animals are carriers for the rest of their lives and the bacteri is secreted from their urine. The secreted bacteria can enter a host [animal or human] and continue the circle of disease
Objective: Diagnosis of leptospirsis according to clinical symptoms is difficult due to lack of pathogenic sign[s] and the similarities of its clinical features to some common febrile diseases, so laboratory is important in diagnosis. Leptospira is fastidious and its isolation from other clinical specimens is difficult, time consuming and usually unsuccessful, so MAT is the gold standard for diagnosis and serotyping of leptospira and is usual in all reference laboratories
Materials and Methods: We performed this study in 1383 by taking blood sample from patients hospitalized in Emam Khomeini Hospital in Some- e-sara, Razi and 22 Aban Lahijan and had clinical symptoms and were suspected of leptospirosis. Sampling was done in spring and summer, which are prevalent seasons of leptospirosis in Gailan prorince. We stored all serums in- 200[degree]c until examination, and in summer of 1383 serum samples were screened by a Quantitative Elisa method to detect positive samples for doing MAT, and performed MAT to determine causative serogroups
Results: 282 serum sample were all tested by quantitative Elisa and 130 cases had IgM titer equal or greater than 1:60 which were considered for MAT test. Seventy serum samples had titer
Conclusion: Analyzing the results of MAT was hard and complex due to alternate reactions happening between different serogroups specially in clinical samples related to acute disease. According to CDC, a serum titer of >/= 200 and if it correlates with clinical symptoms can present probable diagnosis. In this study, considering the samples were only taken from patients with clinical symptoms and suspected of leptospirosis and then after screening by Elisa, only positive samples with IgM titer equal or greater than 1:16 were assessed by MAT keeping in mind three criteria [Correlating clinical symptoms Elisa and MAT results] there is a high efficacy of diagnosis and determines servoirs and serogroups are prevalent in this area
ABSTRACT
Primary pancreatic lymphoma is a rare extranodal manifestation of any histopathologic subtype of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that predominantly involves the pancreas. It comprises less than 0.2% of pancreatic malignancies and less than 0.7% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. This lymphoma is almost never suspected clinically. It is usually diagnosed by surgical exploration for suspected adenocarcinoma because this kind of lymphoma resembles pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a much more common disease, in clinical presentation and radiologic appearance. Differentiation is, however, essential because of different clinical management and outcome. This report describes an interesting case of primary pancreatic lymphoma and review of the literature to elucidate features that suggest this entity